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A
ai - harmony, unity, blending
aihanmi - basic relation between partners: both have same foot forward (left or right), compare gyakuhanmi
aihanmi katatedori - wrist grip, right on right or left on left, also called kosadori, compare gyakuhanmi - katatedori
aiki - blending/uniting one's ki with that of the partner
aikibatto - sword exercises, solo or pair
aikibudo - budo based on the aiki principle, earlier name for aikido
aikido - the way through the life energy to harmony/unity
aikidoka - one who does aikido, specifically on an advanced or professional level
aikijo - aikido jo-staff exercises
aikiken - aikido sword exercises
aikiotoshi - aiki-drop, throwing technique
aikitaiso - aikido warm-up exercises
aite - partner in training
arigato - thanks
ashi - leg, foot
ate - hit, strike
atemi - strike to the body
awase - harmonizing/blending movement
ayumiashi - altering steps, left and right, like normal walking
B
barai/harai - parry, ward off
bo - staff, longer than the jo
bokken - wooden training sword
bokuto - same as bokken
C
choku - direct
chudan - middle, compare jodan and gedan
chudan - kamae guard position with a weapon at belly height
chudan - tsuki strike at belly/solar plexus, with weapon or empty hand
D
dan - level, black belt grade in budo
deshi - student
do - way, also michi
dojo - training hall
domo - much
domo arigato gozaimashita - thank you so much
dori - take, catch, grab
dosa - movement
doshu - way leader, head of a budo
dozo - please/by all means
E
eri - neck, collar
eridori - collar grip by the neck
G
gaeshi/kaeshi - returning, reversed
gamae/kamae - guard, basic position
gedan - low, compare jodan and chudan
geiko/keiko - training
geri - kick
gi - dress
giri/kiri - cut
go - five
gokyo - fifth teaching, pinning technique
gomen nasai - excuse me
gyaku - reverse, opposite
gyakuhanmi - basic relation between partners: they have opposite foot forward, compare aihanmi
gyakuhanmi katatedori - wrist grip, right on left or left on right, compare aihanmi katatedori
gyakutsuki - strike with opposing arm and leg forward, compare oitsuki
H
hachi - eight
hai - yes
hajime - begin
hakama - traditional divided skirt usually worn by black-belt ranks.
handachi - half standing
hanmi - half body
hanmi handachiwaza - sitting versus standing
hara - stomach
harai/barai - sweep away, parry
henkawaza - changing techniques, variations on basic techniques, also shifting from one technique to another
hidari - left (right: migi)
hiji - elbow
hijidori - grip on elbow
hijikimeosae - pinning technique, sometimes called rokkyo
hineri - twist
hiza - knee
ho - method
ho - direction, side
I
ichi - one
iie - no
ikkajo - older term for ikkyo
ikkyo - first teaching, pinning technique
irimi (lit. "entering the body") - entering movement
iriminage - inward throw, throwing technique
J
jiyuwaza - free training
jo - wooden staff, 127.5 centimeters
jodan - high, compare chudan and gedan
jodori - defense against jo-staff
ju - ten
ju - soft
jujigarami/jujinage - cross throw
jujutsu - the soft art
juntsuki - strike with the same arm and leg forward, also called oitsuki, compare gyakutsuki
jutsu - technique/art
K
kaeshi/gaeshi - returning, reverse
kaitennage - rotation throw, throwing technique
kamae/gamae - guard position
kamiza - honorary place in a dojo, compare shomen and shinzen
kan - intuition
kansetsu - joint (on body)
kata - form, pre-decided movements
kata - shoulder
katadori - shoulder grip
katadori - menuchi shoulder grip followed by shomenuchi
katana - the Japanese sword, also ken, to and tachi katatedori - wrist-grip
katate ryotedori - grip with both hands, also called morotedori
keiko/geiko - training
keikogi - training dress
ken sword, also katana, to and tachi
ki spirit, life energy
kiai gathered ki, usually used for shout in budo
ki-aikido Tohei sensei's aikido style
kihon - basics
kihonwaza - basic training
kinagare/ki no nagare - streaming ki, flowing training
kiri/giri - cut
kohai - a student junior to oneself, compare sempai kokoro - heart, will, mind, also pronounced shin
kokyu - breathing
kokyuho - breathing exercise
kokyunage - breath throw
kokyu ryoku - breath power
koshi - hip
koshinage - hip throw
kote - wrist
kotegaeshi - reversed wrist, throwing technique
kotehineri - twisted wrist, sankyo
kotemawashi - turned wrist, nikyo
kotodama/kototama - spirit of words, Japanese sound mystique and cosmology
ku - nine
kubi - neck
kubishime - neck choke
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M
ma - distance between training partners
ma-ai - harmonious, balanced distance between training partners
mae - front, forward, compare ushiro
maegeri - straight kick
mae ukemi - forward fall
maru - circle
mawashi - revolving, turning
mawashigeri - roundhouse kick
me - eye
men - head
michi - way, also do
migi - right (left: hidari)
misogi - purification, cleansing
mochi - hold/grip, also called dori
mokuso - meditation, also called zazen
moro - both
morotedori - grip with both hands, also called katate ryotedori
mu - nothing, empty
mushin - empty mind
mudansha - trainee without dan grade, compare yudansha
mune - chest
munedori - collar grip by the chest
musubi - tie together
N
nagare - flow, streaming
nage - throw, also used for the one doing the aikido technique, compare tori
nagewaza - throwing techniques
nana - seven, also pronounced shichi
nen - the purity and unity of the mind
ni - two
nikajo - older name for nikyo
nikyo - second teaching, pinning technique
O
obi - belt
oitsuki - strike with same arm and foot forward, also called jontsuki
omote - front, surface, compare ura
onegai - shimasu please, asking for something
osae - press down, pinning
osensei - great teacher, in aikido Morihei Ueshiba
otagai ni rei - bow to each others
otoshi - drop
oyowaza - applied techniques, modified for efficiency
R
randori - disorderly grabbing, free training
rei - bow
reigi - etiquette, also called reishiki
ritsurei - standing bow
rokkyo - sixth teaching, pinning technique, see hijikime osae
roku - six
ryo - both
ryotedori - gripping both wrists
ryu - school
S
sabaki - action/handling
san - three
sankajo - older term for sankyo
sankaku - triangle
sankakutai - triangle shape, position of the feet in hanmi
sankyo - third teaching, pinning technique
satori - enlightenment in zen
seika no itten - the one point below the navel, the body center, also called tanden
seiza - correct sitting, sit on knees
sempai - one's senior, compare kohai
sensei - teacher
shi - four, also pronounced yon
shichi - seven, also pronounced nana
shihonage - four directions throw, throwing technique
shikko - knee walking
shinzen - seat of the gods, in a dojo usually a position on the wall farthest from the entrance, compare kamiza and shomen
shizentai - natural body posture
sho - first, beginning
shodan - first dan grade
shomen - front of the head
shomen - head place of the dojo, compare shinzen and kamiza
shomen ni rei bow - to head place of the dojo
shomenuchi - cut or blow to head
shuto - hand ridge strike
sode - sleeve
sodedori - sleeve grip
soto - outside, outer, compare uchi
sotodeshi - student who lives outside the dojo, compare uchideshi
sotokaiten - outer rotation, compare uchikaiten
suburi - basic exercises with sword or staff
suki - opening
suwariwaza - seated training
T
tachi - sword, also to, ken and katana
tachi - stand
tachidori - defense against sword
tachiwaza - training standing up
tai - body
taijutsu - body techniques, unarmed techniques
tai no henko - body turn, also called tai no tenkan
taisabaki - body movement
taiso - exercises
takemusu - improvised Martial art
takemusu aiki - improvised Martial art through the principle of aiki
tanden - body center
tanto/tanken - knife
tantodori - defense against knife
tatami - mat
tate - stand up
te - hand
tegatana - hand sword, hand ridge in swordlike movements
tekubi - wrist
tekubiosae - pinned wrist, yonkyo
tenchinage - heaven-earth throw, throwing technique
tenkan - turn
tobikoshi - fall over hip, break fall
tori - the one who takes, defender in aikido, also called nage and shite
tsugiashi - following step, back foot following and not passing front foot
tsuki - strike, with a weapon or empty hand
U
uchi - hit
uchi - inside, within, inner, compare soto
uchideshi - student living in the dojo, compare sotodeshi
uchikaiten - inner rotation, compare sotokaiten
ude - arm
udekimenage - arm lock throw
udeosae - pinned arm, ikkyo
uke - the one receiving, attacker in aikido
uke - block, parry
ukemi - falling
undo - exercise
ura - backside, inside, reverse side, compare omote
ushiro - behind, backwards, compare mae
ushiro - ukemi backward fall
ushirowaza - attacks from behind
W
waza - technique, skill, training method
Y
yame - stop
yoko - side, sideways, horizontal
yokomenuchi - strike to the side of the head yoko - ukemi side fall
yon - four, also pronounced shi
yonkajo - older term for yonkyo
yonkyo - fourth teaching, pinning technique
yudansha - dan graded, compare mudansha
Z
za - seated, sit
zarei - sitting bow
zazen - sitting meditation, also called mokuso
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